The CLAT UG (Common Law Admission Test for Undergraduate Programs) is
an entrance exam for admission to various National Law Universities (NLUs) and
other law schools in India. The exam assesses candidates’ general knowledge,
reasoning ability, and knowledge of various legal principles. Below is a detailed
breakdown of the CLAT UG syllabus:
1. English Language
 Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: The section will consist of passages (400-
450 words) followed by questions that test the candidate’s
understanding of the text. The questions may be based on the themes,
arguments, or language used in the passage.
o Vocabulary: Testing knowledge of synonyms, antonyms, and context-
based meanings.
o Grammar: Spotting grammatical errors, sentence correction, and
improving sentence structure.
o Sentence Completion: Completing sentences with appropriate words
or phrases.
o Critical Reasoning: Inference-based questions, drawing conclusions
from given statements, and evaluating the author’s argument.

 Key Skills Tested:
o Reading comprehension
o Understanding of language
o Ability to interpret and analyze texts
2. General Knowledge and Current Affairs
 Topics:
o Current Affairs: The questions will be based on national and
international news, politics, economics, awards, sports, business, and
the environment. This section primarily focuses on current events and
issues, especially those related to law and legal affairs.
o Static General Knowledge: This includes questions about Indian
History, Geography, Economy, Science, and Culture. Candidates
should also be familiar with basic Indian polity and significant
historical events.
o Legal Awareness: Basic knowledge of legal terms, key Indian laws,
and fundamental rights is tested. For example, questions might be

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related to Constitutional provisions, landmark judgments, or major
reforms in Indian law.
 Key Skills Tested:
o Awareness of current affairs (national and international)
o Knowledge of important historical and legal events
o Familiarity with important legal terms and principles

3. Legal Reasoning
 Topics:
o Principles of Law: This section tests the candidate’s ability to
understand and apply legal principles to solve problems or arrive at
conclusions. The questions may present a set of facts followed by a
legal principle or rule, and the candidate must apply the rule to
determine the correct answer.
o Legal Maxims: Understanding the meanings of basic legal terms and
maxims (e.g., habeas corpus, nemo judex in causa sua, actus reus,
etc.).
o Logical Application of Legal Principles: This involves interpreting
legal provisions and applying them to hypothetical situations.
Candidates may be asked questions on criminal law, constitutional law,
torts, contracts, etc.
o Judicial Precedents: Familiarity with landmark judgments, their
implications, and how they influence the application of laws.

 Key Skills Tested:
o Interpretation of legal principles
o Application of law to factual situations
o Understanding and use of legal maxims

4. Logical Reasoning
 Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Involves identifying patterns, logical
sequences, and relationships. Questions may include problems on
series completion, coding-decoding, direction sense, puzzles,
arrangements, and blood relations.
o Critical Thinking: Involves assessing arguments, identifying
assumptions, and evaluating the strength of statements. The questions
assess the ability to reason critically, identify flaws in arguments, and
draw sound conclusions.

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o Logical Sequences: Identifying patterns in numerical or alphabetical
sequences, completing series, and predicting the next elements in a
given sequence.
o Syllogisms and Logical Deductions: Understanding logical
relationships between statements and drawing valid conclusions.

 Key Skills Tested:
o Logical reasoning and critical thinking
o Ability to identify patterns and relationships
o Problem-solving skills

5. Quantitative Techniques (Mathematical Ability)
 Topics:
o Basic Mathematics: Questions from topics like Arithmetic, Algebra,
and Number Systems. The level of mathematics is generally basic,
similar to the mathematics studied in class 10.
o Data Interpretation: This involves reading and interpreting data from
graphs, tables, pie charts, and bar diagrams.
o Percentages: Calculating percentage increases, decreases, and
simple percentage problems.
o Ratios and Proportions: Problems on ratios, proportions, and rates.
o Time, Speed, and Distance: Basic problems involving distance, time,
and speed.
o Simple and Compound Interest: Basic questions on interest
calculation.
o Profit and Loss: Understanding and calculating profit/loss in business
or transactional contexts.

 Key Skills Tested:
o Arithmetic and quantitative aptitude
o Interpretation and analysis of data
o Numerical problem-solving

General Overview of the Syllabus:
 The CLAT UG exam tests a candidate’s aptitude across several core areas.
The English Language and Legal Reasoning sections require good reading
and interpretation skills, while General Knowledge and Current Affairs
focus on the ability to stay updated with current events and legal

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developments. Logical Reasoning focuses on a candidate’s ability to reason
logically and think critically, and Quantitative Techniques tests the basic
mathematical ability.
Preparation Tips:
 Reading Newspapers: Regularly reading newspapers like The Hindu or The
Indian Express will help with General Knowledge and Current Affairs.
 Legal Resources: Go through important legal books and stay updated on
landmark judgments, legal news, and current legal affairs.
 Practice Logical and Analytical Problems: Regular practice of puzzles,
reasoning problems, and quantitative questions will help improve speed
and accuracy.
 Mock Tests and Previous Year Papers: Solving previous year CLAT papers
and taking mock tests will help in getting a feel of the exam pattern and
improve time management.

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This detailed syllabus should give you a clear idea of what to expect in the CLAT UG
exam. Focus on each of these sections in a structured manner and practice regularly
to improve your performance.
The CLAT PG (Common Law Admission Test for Postgraduate Programs) is
conducted for admission to the LLM (Master of Laws) programs at National Law
Universities (NLUs) and other participating law colleges in India. The CLAT PG exam
assesses candidates on their understanding of law at a deeper, more advanced
level.
SUBJECTS COVERED
1. Constitutional Law
 Key Topics:
o Historical Background: Evolution of the Indian Constitution, Montagu-
Chelmsford Reforms, Government of India Act, 1935, and the framing
of the Indian Constitution.
o Fundamental Rights: Concept of Fundamental Rights, Article 21 (Right
to Life), Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, etc.
o Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
o Structure of the Indian Government: Role of the President, Parliament,
Judiciary, and the relationship between the central and state
governments.
o Constitutional Amendments: Important amendments and their impact.
o Judicial Review: Role of the judiciary in protecting fundamental rights
and interpreting the Constitution.
o The Basic Structure Doctrine: Landmark cases like Kesavananda
Bharati case.

2. Jurisprudence
 Key Topics:
o Schools of Jurisprudence: Natural Law, Positivism, Historical School,
Realist School, Analytical Jurisprudence, Sociological Jurisprudence,
and others.
o Concept of Law: Law as a social institution, the nature and functions of
law.
o Sources of Law: Custom, legislation, precedent, and juristic writings.

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o Theories of Punishment: Retributive, deterrent, reformative, preventive.
o Concepts of Justice: Legal justice, distributive justice, and procedural
justice.
o Concept of Rights: Different types of rights – Natural Rights, Legal
Rights, Moral Rights, etc.
o Law and Morality: Relationship between law and moral philosophy.
o Legal Personality: The concept of legal rights and legal capacity.

3. Criminal Law
 Key Topics:
o Indian Penal Code (IPC): General principles of criminal liability,
offenses related to murder, culpable homicide, theft, rape, etc.
o General Defenses in Criminal Law: Self-defense, insanity, intoxication,
mistake of fact, etc.
o Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC): Investigation, arrest, trial
procedures, bail, rights of an accused, etc.
o Indian Evidence Act: Relevance of facts, proof, admissions, and
confessions, witnesses, documentary evidence, etc.
o Offenses under Special Laws: Offenses under Prevention of
Corruption Act, Terrorism (Unlawful Activities) Act, Money
Laundering Act, etc.

4. International Law
 Key Topics:
o Sources of International Law: Treaties, customary international law,
general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, judicial
decisions.
o Relationship between International and Domestic Law.
o Law of Treaties: Formation, validity, termination, and interpretation of
treaties.
o International Organizations: United Nations, World Trade Organization
(WTO), International Court of Justice (ICJ), etc.
o Humanitarian Law: Geneva Conventions, Refugee Law, and
International Human Rights Law.

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o Laws of War: Laws of armed conflict, war crimes, and international
criminal law.
o International Environmental Law.

5. Law of Contracts
 Key Topics:
o General Principles of Law of Contract: Offer, acceptance,
consideration, capacity to contract, free consent, etc.
o Contract Formation: Valid and void contracts, agreements that are not
contracts.
o Performance and Discharge of Contracts: Performance of contracts,
breach of contracts, discharge by mutual agreement or frustration.
o Specific Relief Act: Contracts relating to specific performance,
injunctions, and recovery of possession.
o Contract of Bailment and Pledge, Contract of Agency, etc.

6. Law of Torts
 Key Topics:
o General Principles of Law of Torts: Tort, liability, negligence, and strict
liability.
o Defenses to Tortious Liability: Consent, self-defense, necessity, etc.
o Nuisance, Defamation, and Trespass.
o Vicarious Liability.
o Consumer Protection Laws related to torts.

7. Family Law
 Key Topics:
o Hindu Law: Marriage, divorce, maintenance, adoption, succession, and
inheritance under Hindu Succession Act, Hindu Marriage Act,
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, etc.
o Muslim Law: Marriage, divorce, maintenance, inheritance, and
adoption under Shariat Law.
o Christian and Parsi Law: Marriage, divorce, and inheritance.
o Law of Adoption and Guardianship.

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o The concept of Joint Family, Partition, and Wills.

8. Environmental Law
 Key Topics:
o Environmental Protection Laws in India: Environmental Protection
Act, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, etc.
o National Green Tribunal and its role in protecting the environment.
o International Environmental Law: Rio Declaration, Stockholm
Declaration, and their impact on domestic law.
o Environmental Issues: Biodiversity, Climate Change, and
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

9. Labour and Industrial Law
 Key Topics:
o Industrial Disputes Act: Settlement of industrial disputes, strikes, and
lockouts.
o Factories Act: Health, safety, welfare, working hours, and leave.
o Trade Union Act: Formation, rights, and duties of trade unions.
o Employment Laws: Laws on wages, labor standards, and
compensation.
o Social Security Laws: Provident Fund, Employees’ State Insurance
(ESI), and Workmen’s Compensation Act.

10. Company Law
 Key Topics:
o Formation of a Company: Types of companies, incorporation,
memorandum and articles of association.
o Corporate Governance: Role of directors, shareholder rights, and
corporate social responsibility (CSR).
o Securities Laws: Regulatory framework, Securities and Exchange
Board of India (SEBI).
o Mergers, Acquisitions, and Restructuring.

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11. Property Law
 Key Topics:
o Transfer of Property Act: Types of property, sale, mortgage, lease, gift,
and will.
o Indian Easements Act: Rights and duties of property owners.
o Registration Act: Registration of documents and its importance in
property law.

12. Administrative Law
 Key Topics:
o Evolution and sources of Administrative Law.
o Principles of natural justice: Fair hearing, rule against bias, and
reasoned decisions.
o Delegated Legislation: Subordinate legislation, power to make rules
and regulations.
o Judicial Review of Administrative Action: Writs, Tribunals, and their
powers.
o Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

13. Intellectual Property Law
 Key Topics:
o Copyright Law: Copyright registration, infringement, and protection.
o Patent Law: Rights, infringement, and enforcement.
o Trademark Law: Registration, protection, and infringement.
o Law of Designs and Geographical Indications.
o Cyber Laws: Internet and e-commerce laws, data protection, and
intellectual property issues in cyberspace.

14. Banking and Insurance Law
 Key Topics:
o Banking Laws: Regulation of banking activities, Reserve Bank of India
(RBI), and the Banking Regulation Act.

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o Insurance Laws: Nature of insurance contracts, rights of policyholders,
and insurance regulations.

15. International Trade and Business Law
 Key Topics:
o Laws governing international trade and treaties: WTO, GATT, etc.
o Trade laws of India: Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation)
Act, Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA).
o Import and export regulations, trade agreements, and dispute
resolution.

Exam Pattern:
 Duration: 2 hours.
 Number of Questions: 120 multiple-choice questions (MCQs).
 Marking Scheme: 1 mark for each correct answer and a negative marking of
0.25 for each incorrect answer.
 Subject Distribution: The exam includes questions from the above-
mentioned subjects related to legal aptitude, reasoning, and general
knowledge.

Preparation Tips:
1. Understand the Syllabus: Focus on understanding concepts and principles,
especially in constitutional law and jurisprudence.
2. Refer to Standard Books: Use textbooks and reference materials
recommended for LLM level courses.
3. Solve Previous Year Papers: Practice previous CLAT PG papers to
understand the pattern and key areas of focus.
4. Stay Updated: Follow recent legal developments and landmark
judgments.
5. Time Management: During preparation, practice time management and
solving questions within the allocated time frame.

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The AILET (All India Law Entrance Test) is conducted by the National Law
University, Delhi (NLU Delhi) for admission to its undergraduate and postgraduate
law programs. The AILET UG exam assesses candidates for admission to the 5-
year BA LLB (Hons.) program, while the AILET PG exam is for admission to the 1-
year LLM program. Below is the detailed syllabus for AILET UG (undergraduate)
and AILET PG (postgraduate) exams.
AILET UG (BA LLB) Syllabus
The AILET UG exam consists of 5 sections, and it is designed to test the
candidates on their general knowledge, reasoning ability, and understanding of the
English language.
TOPICS COVERED
1. English Language (50 Marks)
 Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Passages followed by questions to test
comprehension, analysis, and the ability to infer meanings from the
text.
o Grammar: Sentence correction, fill-in-the-blanks with correct grammar.
o Vocabulary: Antonyms, synonyms, and context-based meaning
questions.
o Idioms and Phrases: Understanding and interpreting idioms and
common expressions.
o Para Jumbles: Rearranging sentences or phrases to form coherent
passages.
 Key Skills Tested:
o Proficiency in reading and understanding the English language.
o Ability to interpret and analyze written content.
o Knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence construction.

2. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (30 Marks)
 Topics:

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o Current Affairs: National and international events related to politics,
economics, business, sports, awards, science, and the environment.
o Static General Knowledge: History, geography, Indian polity,
economics, and culture.
o Legal Awareness: Basic awareness of legal terms, principles,
landmark legal judgments, important Indian laws, and constitutional
provisions.
o Important Legal Terms and Abbreviations: Understanding common
legal terms used in everyday legal practice.

 Key Skills Tested:
o Awareness of current events and global affairs.
o Knowledge of historical and political developments.
o Legal awareness and familiarity with key legal concepts.

3. Logical Reasoning (35 Marks)
 Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Identifying patterns, sequences, and logical
connections among facts or events.
o Critical Reasoning: Understanding arguments, analyzing the validity
of statements, and making logical inferences.
o Syllogisms: Identifying valid and invalid syllogisms.
o Puzzles and Seating Arrangements: Problems involving seating
arrangement, blood relations, etc.
o Logical Sequences and Series: Completing number series, letter
series, and identifying missing elements.
o Direction Sense, Coding-Decoding: Understanding relationships
between elements based on given conditions.

 Key Skills Tested:
o Ability to apply logic and reasoning to solve complex problems.
o Analytical skills to recognize patterns and solve puzzles.
o Critical thinking and decision-making abilities.

4. Legal Aptitude (35 Marks)
 Topics:
o Legal Awareness: Basic principles of law, including concepts like
rights, duties, justice, and law-making.

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o Constitutional Law: Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State
Policy (DPSP), judicial review, and the structure of government.
o Criminal Law: Basic understanding of offenses like theft, murder,
defamation, etc.
o Contract Law: Understanding of the basic terms of a contract and
contract formation.
o Tort Law: Negligence, defamation, and other torts.
o Legal Reasoning: Applying legal principles to hypothetical scenarios
or facts.
 Key Skills Tested:
o Knowledge of legal principles and their application.
o Understanding of basic legal concepts and reasoning.
o Ability to interpret legal situations and apply them to problem-solving.

5. Elementary Mathematics (10 Marks)
 Topics:
o Arithmetic: Percentages, profit and loss, time and distance, time and
work.
o Algebra: Simple equations, quadratic equations, etc.
o Mensuration: Area, volume, surface area of various geometric figures.
o Ratio and Proportion: Solving problems based on ratios, proportions,
and averages.
o Number System: Fractions, decimals, simplification, and basic
operations.
o Data Interpretation: Solving questions based on graphs, tables, and
pie charts.
 Key Skills Tested:
o Basic mathematical skills.
o Numerical problem-solving abilities.
o Ability to interpret data and solve simple mathematical problems.

AILET PG (LLM) Syllabus
The AILET PG (LLM) exam is for candidates seeking admission to the 1-year LLM
program at NLU Delhi. The exam focuses on testing the candidate’s knowledge of

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law at an advanced level, including legal principles, judgments, and current legal
developments.
1. Constitutional Law
 Topics:
o Evolution and structure of the Indian Constitution.
o Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State
Policy (DPSP).
o Judicial review, basic structure doctrine, and constitutional
amendments.
o Separation of powers, federalism, and the role of judiciary.

2. Jurisprudence
 Topics:
o Schools of Jurisprudence: Natural Law, Positivism, Legal Realism,
Sociological Jurisprudence.
o Legal theories: Austin’s Command Theory, Hart’s Positivism, Dworkin’s
Theory of Law.
o Concepts of rights, duties, justice, and liberty.
o Theories of punishment, criminal liability, and the concept of the state.

3. Criminal Law
 Topics:
o Indian Penal Code (IPC): General principles of criminal liability, criminal
offenses (theft, murder, etc.).
o Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC): Investigation, trial, sentencing, and
judicial procedures.
o Indian Evidence Act: Relevance, proof, types of evidence, and
examination of witnesses.
o Special laws: Terrorism, Prevention of Corruption Act, etc.

4. Law of Contracts
 Topics:
o General principles of contract law, contracts of sale, breach,
performance, and enforcement.
o Specific contracts: Bailment, pledge, and agency.
o Doctrine of privity of contract and its exceptions.
o Law of torts, negligence, and vicarious liability.

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5. International Law
 Topics:
o Sources of international law: Treaties, customs, general principles of
law.
o Law of treaties: Formation, interpretation, and termination.
o International organizations like the United Nations (UN), International
Court of Justice (ICJ).
o International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law.

6. Family Law
 Topics:
o Hindu Law, Muslim Law, Christian Law, and Parsi Law regarding
marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.
o Succession laws and inheritance rights.
o Concepts of joint family, partition, and the law of wills.

7. Intellectual Property Law
 Topics:
o Copyright Law, Patent Law, Trademark Law, and Design Law.
o Laws relating to cyber law and intellectual property rights (IPR).
o Enforcement of IP rights and International Conventions on IP (WIPO,
TRIPS).
8. Environmental Law
 Topics:
o National and international environmental laws.
o The Environment Protection Act, Wildlife Protection Act, and
Water Pollution Control Act.
o International environmental law, treaties, and conventions (Kyoto
Protocol, Paris Agreement).

9. Administrative Law
 Topics:
o Role and functions of administrative agencies.
o Judicial review of administrative actions and the concept of natural
justice.
o Delegated legislation and administrative discretion.

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10. Legal Theory and Indian Legal History
 Topics:
o The historical development of Indian law, including British colonial
laws.
o Indian legal traditions and systems.
o Fundamental legal concepts like justice, liberty, rights, and equality.

AILET Exam Pattern:
 Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes for UG, 1 hour for PG.
 Mode: Online
 Type of Questions: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
 Number of Questions:
o UG: 150 questions
o PG: 150 questions
 Marking Scheme: +1 for each correct answer, -0.25 for each wrong answer.

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The LSAT-India (Law School Admission Test – India) is a standardized entrance
exam for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs at various law
schools across India. The LSAT-India is designed and conducted by the Law
School Admission Council (LSAC). Below is the detailed syllabus of LSAT-
India, which is divided into sections based on the skills that the exam assesses.
LSAT-India UG Syllabus (For 5-year BA LLB Program)
The LSAT-India UG exam is a multiple-choice test that assesses a candidate’s
reading comprehension, logical reasoning, and analytical reasoning abilities. It is
designed to measure skills that are essential for success in law school.
1. Reading Comprehension (RC)
This section tests the candidate’s ability to read and understand complex texts. It
evaluates how well a candidate can identify the main idea, interpret key concepts,
and analyze arguments in a passage.
 Key Topics:
o Passage-based questions: Comprehension of long and complex
passages from various fields such as literature, social sciences, natural
sciences, and humanities.
o Inference questions: Understanding implied meaning, tone, purpose,
and the implications of the passage.
o Main idea and structure: Identifying the central theme or argument in
the passage.
o Contextual vocabulary: Understanding and interpreting the meaning
of words and phrases in context.

 Skills Tested:
o Ability to analyze, synthesize, and apply information from the reading
passages.
o Understanding of the nuances of written text and the author’s
perspective.
2. Analytical Reasoning (AR)

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The Analytical Reasoning section tests the candidate’s ability to analyze and
evaluate patterns of relationships and solve problems using reasoning.
 Key Topics:
o Logic Games: The section typically includes puzzles that require
candidates to determine relationships and conditions based on a set of
rules.
o Seating arrangements: Arranging individuals or objects based on
certain conditions or rules.
o Scheduling problems: Identifying the correct order or timing for
events or activities.
o Grouping problems: Identifying how different items can be grouped
based on given constraints.
o Venn diagrams: Solving problems that involve categories or sets.
 Skills Tested:
o Ability to logically analyze and solve complex problems.
o Critical thinking to deduce correct solutions from a given set of
conditions.
3. Logical Reasoning (LR)
This section assesses the candidate’s ability to evaluate arguments and reason
logically. It tests the ability to identify and understand the structure of arguments,
evaluate reasoning, and make conclusions based on premises.
 Key Topics:
o Argument analysis: Identifying the conclusion, premises, and
assumptions in an argument.
o Strengthening and weakening arguments: Determining how
additional statements affect the strength of an argument.
o Flaws in reasoning: Identifying logical fallacies and flaws in
arguments.
o Inferences and conclusions: Drawing valid conclusions based on the
given information.
o Assumptions and implications: Identifying hidden assumptions or
implications in reasoning.

 Skills Tested:
o Ability to critically assess arguments and reasoning.
o Logical deduction and recognition of patterns in reasoning.

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4. Analytical Reasoning (AR) – Additional Topics
 Key Topics:
o Syllogisms: Involves deductive reasoning based on premises to reach
a logical conclusion.
o Series Completion: Identifying and completing logical or numerical
sequences.
o Odd One Out: Identifying the element in a set that does not belong
based on a specific rule.
o Data Interpretation: Interpretation of data through tables, charts, and
graphs.
 Skills Tested:
o Ability to assess logical structures and understand sequences and
patterns.
o Problem-solving using deductive and inductive reasoning.

LSAT-India PG Syllabus (For LLM Program)
The LSAT-India PG exam is conducted for admission to LLM programs and
assesses the candidate’s understanding of law at an advanced level. The exam
primarily includes sections on critical reasoning, legal reasoning, analytical
reasoning, and reading comprehension.
1. Reading Comprehension (RC)
 Like the UG version, the Reading Comprehension section at the
postgraduate level focuses on analysing complex texts from a range of legal
topics and subjects.
 Key Topics:
o Legal texts: Passages from statutes, case laws, judicial opinions, etc.
o Complex reading comprehension: Understanding arguments,
analyzing nuances, and drawing conclusions.
o Interpretation of legal documents: Identifying the meaning and
context of legal language.

 Skills Tested:
o Ability to critically analyze and interpret complex legal texts.
o Understanding legal principles and their application in different
contexts.
2. Legal Reasoning (LR)

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This section assesses candidates’ ability to apply legal principles to solve complex
problems. It evaluates their knowledge of law and their capacity to interpret legal
information.
 Key Topics:
o Legal principles and case law: Applying legal principles to
hypothetical scenarios.
o Judicial reasoning: Understanding judicial precedents, principles of
justice, and interpretation of statutes.
o Case-based reasoning: Solving legal problems based on fact patterns
and case law.
o Constitutional Law: Understanding and applying principles of
constitutional law.
o Contract Law, Criminal Law, Tort Law, etc.: Recognizing and
applying principles from various branches of law.

 Skills Tested:
o Application of legal principles to hypothetical legal problems.
o Understanding of key areas of law such as contracts, constitutional
law, criminal law, etc.
3. Logical Reasoning (LR)
The Logical Reasoning section at the postgraduate level involves reasoning
through complex problems and evaluating arguments based on logic.
 Key Topics:
o Argumentation and reasoning: Identifying and evaluating the
structure of arguments.
o Critical analysis of legal arguments: Evaluating the strength and
validity of arguments based on premises.
o Legal fallacies: Identifying fallacies and errors in legal reasoning.
o Deductive and inductive reasoning: Drawing conclusions from given
premises.
 Skills Tested:
o Ability to analyze, evaluate, and critique complex legal arguments.
o Critical thinking and logical problem-solving skills.

4. Analytical Reasoning (AR)
The Analytical Reasoning section focuses on testing the ability to analyze patterns,
deduce solutions, and solve problems based on logical relations.

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 Key Topics:
o Logic puzzles and reasoning problems: Solving problems involving
sequences, groups, arrangements, and more.
o Data interpretation and logical deduction: Understanding and
solving problems based on data tables, charts, or graphs.

 Skills Tested:
o Logical and analytical reasoning capabilities.
o Ability to interpret data and make inferences from given conditions.

Exam Pattern for LSAT-India:
 Duration: 2 hours and 20 minutes.
 Number of Questions:
o UG: 92-100 questions.
o PG: Similar in structure to UG, focusing on law-based reasoning and
analysis.

 Sections: Reading Comprehension, Analytical Reasoning, Logical
Reasoning.
 Marking Scheme:
o Each correct answer gets 1 mark.
o No negative marking for wrong answers.

Preparation Tips for LSAT-India:
1. Focus on Practice: Solve as many practice questions as possible,
particularly from reading comprehension and logical reasoning.
2. Build Legal Awareness: For the PG section, stay updated with the basics of
various branches of law and legal reasoning.
3. Time Management: Work on managing time for each section. Practice mock
tests under timed conditions.
4. Critical Reading: Develop a habit of reading complex articles, legal
judgments, and case studies to improve reading comprehension skills.
5. Review and Analyze: After solving practice papers, review your answers and
understand your mistakes.

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The SLAT (Symbiosis Law Admission Test) is an entrance exam conducted by
Symbiosis International University (SIU) for admission to its 5-year BA LLB
(Hons.) and BBA LLB (Hons.) programs across the affiliated law schools. The
SLAT exam assesses a candidate’s knowledge in English, Logical Reasoning,
General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, and Mathematics.
SLAT UG Syllabus (BA LLB / BBA LLB)
The SLAT exam is a multiple-choice question (MCQ) based test, which consists of
five sections. The questions are designed to assess the candidate’s skills in areas
that are crucial for law education, such as logical reasoning, language proficiency,
and general knowledge.
1. English (Total Marks: 20)
This section tests the candidate’s proficiency in understanding and analyzing the
English language.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Understanding passages and answering
related questions. Questions may involve inference, identifying the tone
of the passage, the central idea, and vocabulary.
o Grammar: Identifying errors in sentences, correct usage of
prepositions, articles, tenses, etc.
o Vocabulary: Synonyms, antonyms, and context-based word meaning.
o Sentence Correction: Identifying correct/incorrect grammar usage in a
given sentence.
o Para Jumbles: Rearranging jumbled sentences into meaningful
paragraphs.
o Fill in the Blanks: Completing sentences using appropriate words or
phrases.
 Skills Tested:

“SLAT”

24

o Ability to comprehend and analyze English passages.
o Knowledge of grammar and vocabulary.
o Sentence construction and error identification.

2. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 20)
This section assesses the candidate’s ability to analyze, reason, and draw logical
conclusions from given premises.
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Understanding patterns, sequences, and
relationships between elements.
o Critical Reasoning: Identifying assumptions, conclusions, and
evaluating arguments.
o Syllogisms: Deductive reasoning and identifying valid and invalid
syllogistic arguments.
o Puzzles and Seating Arrangement: Problems related to seating
arrangements, puzzles, and conditions-based scenarios.
o Venn Diagrams: Identifying relationships between different sets using
Venn diagrams.
o Series and Sequences: Number series, letter series, and figuring out
the next element in a sequence.

 Skills Tested:
o Ability to think critically and logically.
o Problem-solving through deductive and inductive reasoning.
o Identifying relationships and patterns.
3. General Knowledge (Total Marks: 20)
This section assesses the candidate’s awareness of national and international
events, along with static general knowledge.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: Politics, economics, international relations, awards,
sports, business, environment, and other relevant contemporary
events.
o Static General Knowledge:
 Indian History: Ancient, medieval, modern history of India.
 Geography: Physical and political geography of India and the
world.

25

 Indian Polity: Constitution, fundamental rights, DPSP, and
governance.
 Economics: Basic economic concepts, budget, and fiscal
policies.
 Science: Basic principles of physics, chemistry, and biology.
 Famous personalities: Recognition of prominent leaders,
personalities, and institutions.

o Legal Awareness: Basic understanding of legal terms, important laws,
and landmark judicial decisions.

 Skills Tested:
o Awareness of current affairs and general knowledge of Indian and
global issues.
o Understanding of key legal concepts and terms.

4. Legal Reasoning (Total Marks: 20)
This section assesses the candidate’s ability to understand and apply basic legal
principles to hypothetical scenarios.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Principles and Application: Understanding basic legal
principles such as justice, rights, duties, and law enforcement, and
applying them to fact-based questions.
o Landmark Cases: Awareness of important legal cases and their
implications.
o Constitutional Law: Basic structure of the Indian Constitution,
fundamental rights, DPSPs, and judicial review.
o Contract Law: Understanding the principles governing contracts, their
formation, and enforcement.
o Torts: Basics of tort law, including negligence, defamation, and liability.
o Criminal Law: Basic understanding of crimes, punishment, and
criminal liability.
o Legal Maxims: Common Latin legal maxims and their meanings.
 Skills Tested:
o Application of legal knowledge to hypothetical situations.
o Understanding of fundamental legal principles and concepts.
o Ability to interpret and apply the law in different contexts.

5. Mathematics (Total Marks: 10)

26

The mathematics section tests the candidate’s ability to solve basic mathematical
problems. It is designed to test quantitative aptitude and numerical skills.
 Key Topics:
o Arithmetic: Percentages, ratios, profit and loss, time and distance,
time and work.
o Algebra: Simple equations, quadratic equations, and algebraic
expressions.
o Mensuration: Surface area, volume, and area of geometric shapes.
o Number System: Operations on numbers, HCF, LCM, and fractions.
o Data Interpretation: Questions based on tables, graphs, and pie
charts.
o Simple and Compound Interest: Basic concepts of interest and their
calculations.
 Skills Tested:
o Proficiency in basic mathematical concepts.
o Ability to solve quantitative problems quickly and accurately.

SLAT Exam Pattern
 Total Number of Questions: 150
o English: 20 questions
o Logical Reasoning: 20 questions
o General Knowledge: 20 questions
o Legal Reasoning: 20 questions
o Mathematics: 10 questions
 Total Marks: 100 marks (with each question carrying 1 mark)
 Duration: 2 hours
 Mode of Examination: Online (Computer-based Test)
 Marking Scheme:
o +1 mark for every correct answer.
o No negative marking for incorrect answers.

Preparation Tips for SLAT

27

1. Strengthen Vocabulary: Regularly practice reading newspapers, books, and
articles to improve vocabulary and reading comprehension skills.
2. Solve Mock Tests: Attempt as many practice papers and mock tests as
possible to get a feel of the actual exam and improve time management.
3. Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Read newspapers, watch news
programs, and follow current affairs to stay updated on important national and
international issues.
4. Practice Logical and Analytical Puzzles: Solve puzzles, seating
arrangements, and reasoning-based questions to sharpen logical reasoning
skills.
5. Work on Basic Math: Regularly practice basic mathematical concepts and
problem-solving strategies to improve speed and accuracy in the mathematics
section.

28

The MH CET Law (Maharashtra Common Entrance Test for Law) is a state-level
entrance exam conducted by the State Common Entrance Test Cell (SCETC),
Maharashtra. It is for admission to the 5-year LLB and 3-year LLB programs in
various law colleges in Maharashtra. The exam tests candidates’ knowledge in areas
such as Legal Aptitude, General Knowledge, Logical Reasoning, English, and
Mathematics (for the 5-year LLB program).
MH CET Law Syllabus (5-Year LLB Program)
The MH CET Law for the 5-year integrated LLB program consists of 5 sections
with multiple-choice questions.
1. Legal Aptitude and Legal Reasoning (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s knowledge of law, legal principles, and the ability
to apply legal concepts to different situations.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Maxims: Commonly used legal maxims and their meanings.
o Constitutional Law: Basic knowledge of the Constitution of India,
Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, and other constitutional
provisions.
o Torts and Contracts: Basic understanding of torts (negligence,
defamation, etc.) and contracts (formation, breach, terms, etc.).
o Criminal Law: Fundamental concepts in criminal law, including
offenses, crimes, punishments, and defenses.
o Family Law: Basic understanding of personal laws related to marriage,
divorce, inheritance, etc.
o Legal Reasoning: Application of legal principles to facts to identify the
most appropriate legal action.
o Judicial Precedents: Important court decisions and their legal
implications.
 Skills Tested:
o Ability to apply legal knowledge to real-life situations.
o Logical reasoning based on legal principles and concepts.

“MHCET

”

29
2. General Knowledge (Total Marks: 40)
This section assesses the candidate’s awareness of national and international
events, historical and geographical knowledge, as well as key developments in the
country.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: Politics, economics, sports, environmental issues,
business, awards, and social issues.
o Indian History: Ancient, medieval, and modern history of India.
o Geography: Physical and political geography, important locations, and
maps.
o Indian Polity: Structure of Indian government, political parties,
elections, constitutional amendments, etc.
o Economics: Basic concepts like GDP, inflation, economic policies,
budget, and national income.
o Science and Technology: Developments in science, technology, and
environment.
o International Relations: Global political dynamics, treaties,
agreements, and international organizations.
o Famous Personalities: Important figures in politics, sports, science,
and literature.
 Skills Tested:
o Awareness of current events and general knowledge of national and
global affairs.
o Knowledge of history, polity, geography, and economics.
o Understanding of scientific and technological advancements.

3. Logical and Analytical Reasoning (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s ability to reason logically and analytically, which is
an important skill for law students.
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Puzzles, seating arrangements, blood
relations, and coding-decoding.
o Logical Sequences: Identifying and solving problems related to series
and patterns.
o Syllogisms: Deductive reasoning to identify logical conclusions from
given premises.
o Statements and Arguments: Identifying premises, conclusions, and
evaluating arguments.
o Data Interpretation: Solving problems related to tables, graphs, and
charts.
o Assumptions: Identifying assumptions in statements and conclusions.
o Logical Decision Making: Identifying the best logical approach to
solve a problem.
 Skills Tested:
o Critical thinking and reasoning ability.
o Pattern recognition and problem-solving skills.

30

o Ability to analyze and evaluate arguments logically.

4. English (Total Marks: 30)
This section evaluates the candidate’s proficiency in understanding and analyzing
English language skills.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Understanding passages and answering
related questions. The passages will test the ability to comprehend and
analyze written material.
o Grammar and Vocabulary: Correct usage of grammar, word
meanings, sentence construction, and language nuances.
o Synonyms and Antonyms: Identifying synonyms and antonyms of
words used in context.
o Sentence Completion: Filling in the blanks with appropriate words to
make sense of the sentence.
o Error Detection: Identifying grammatical or contextual errors in a
sentence.
o Para Jumbles: Arranging jumbled sentences into a meaningful
paragraph.
 Skills Tested:
o Reading comprehension and interpretation skills.
o Grammar and vocabulary knowledge.
o Sentence construction, error identification, and critical thinking.

5. Mathematics (Total Marks: 20)
This section tests basic mathematical and quantitative ability. This is specifically for
the 5-year LLB program and does not apply to the 3-year LLB program.
 Key Topics:
o Number System: Basic operations, divisibility, fractions, ratios, and
percentages.
o Algebra: Simple equations, quadratic equations, and inequalities.
o Arithmetic: Profit and loss, simple and compound interest, time and
work, time and distance, and averages.
o Mensuration: Area, volume, and surface area of basic geometric
figures like squares, rectangles, circles, and triangles.
o Data Interpretation: Interpretation of data from tables, graphs, and
charts.
 Skills Tested:
o Numerical and quantitative problem-solving ability.
o Ability to solve arithmetic, algebraic, and mensuration-based problems.
o Interpretation of data and mathematical reasoning.

MH CET Law Exam Pattern for 5-year LLB Program

31
 Mode of Exam: Computer-based Test (CBT)
 Duration: 2 hours
 Number of Questions: 150
o Legal Aptitude: 30 questions
o General Knowledge: 40 questions
o Logical and Analytical Reasoning: 30 questions
o English: 30 questions
o Mathematics: 20 questions
 Marking Scheme:
o +1 mark for every correct answer.
o No negative marking for wrong answers.

Preparation Tips for MH CET Law (5-year LLB)
1. Revise Legal Concepts: Brush up on basic legal principles, legal maxims,
and important case laws. This will be particularly useful for the Legal
Aptitude section.
2. Practice Logical Reasoning: Work through puzzles, seating arrangements,
and logical sequences to improve analytical thinking and reasoning skills.
3. Stay Updated with General Knowledge: Follow the news daily and read
newspapers or magazines for updates on current affairs, politics, economics,
and international relations.
4. Improve English Language Skills: Practice reading comprehension
exercises, work on grammar and vocabulary, and attempt sentence correction
and para jumbles to strengthen your English skills.
5. Mathematical Practice: Regularly solve quantitative aptitude problems, focus
on speed and accuracy, and revise basic mathematical formulas and
concepts.

32

The AP Law Common Entrance Test (AP LAWCET) is a state-level entrance exam
conducted by Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur on behalf of the Andhra
Pradesh State Council of Higher Education (APSCHE). It is for admission to 3-
year LLB and 5-year LLB programs in various law colleges in Andhra Pradesh.
The AP LAWCET exam assesses a candidate’s knowledge and aptitude in areas
like General Knowledge, Legal Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, and English,
depending on whether the candidate is appearing for the 5-year LLB or 3-year LLB
program.
AP LAWCET Syllabus (5-year LLB Program)
The 5-year LLB program focuses on testing the candidate’s aptitude for legal
studies and their knowledge of law, general knowledge, and reasoning ability.
1. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s awareness of national and international events,
general knowledge, and current affairs.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: Politics, sports, business, awards, environment,
socio-economic issues, and other national and international events.
o Indian History: Ancient, medieval, and modern history of India,
significant events, and movements.
o Indian Polity: Constitution of India, political parties, system of
government, elections, fundamental rights, duties, and governance.
o Geography: Physical and political geography, famous places,
countries, capitals, and maps.
o Economics: Basic economic concepts, national income, inflation, and
fiscal policies.
o General Science: Developments in biology, physics, chemistry, and
environment.

“AP
LAWCET

”

33

o Famous Personalities: Key figures in politics, sports, literature,
science, and other fields.

 Skills Tested:
o Awareness of national and international events.
o Knowledge of India’s history, polity, geography, and current affairs.

2. Aptitude for the Study of Law (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s understanding of legal concepts and reasoning
ability.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Awareness: Basic legal concepts such as justice, rights, duties,
and legal principles.
o Legal Maxims: Common Latin legal terms and their meanings.
o Constitutional Law: Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties,
DPSPs, and other constitutional provisions.
o Criminal Law: Basic understanding of crimes, punishments, and
criminal liability.
o Contract Law: Key principles of contracts, including formation,
enforcement, and breach.
o Torts: Basics of tort law such as negligence, defamation, and liability.
o Family Law: Personal laws related to marriage, divorce, inheritance,
etc.
 Skills Tested:
o Understanding of basic legal concepts and principles.
o Ability to apply legal knowledge to various scenarios.
o Familiarity with legal terms and maxims.

3. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 30)
This section assesses the candidate’s ability to think logically, reason through
problems, and identify relationships and patterns.
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Solving problems related to sequences, series,
puzzles, and arrangements.
o Critical Reasoning: Evaluating arguments, assumptions, and
conclusions.

34

o Syllogisms: Logical reasoning based on premises to draw
conclusions.
o Analogies: Identifying similarities and relationships between pairs of
words or concepts.
o Direction Sense: Solving problems related to directions and
movements.
o Blood Relations: Understanding family relationships and solving
related puzzles.
o Coding-Decoding: Identifying patterns in coded language and solving
problems.
 Skills Tested:
o Problem-solving ability through logical and analytical reasoning.
o Recognizing patterns, sequences, and relationships.
o Ability to make inferences and deductions from given information.

4. English (Total Marks: 30)
This section evaluates the candidate’s proficiency in the English language, grammar,
and reading comprehension.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Understanding passages and answering
questions based on the passage’s meaning, tone, and ideas.
o Grammar: Sentence correction, subject-verb agreement, tenses, and
word usage.
o Vocabulary: Synonyms, antonyms, and context-based word meaning.
o Sentence Formation: Identifying the correct structure of a sentence
and completing it meaningfully.
o Fill in the Blanks: Completing sentences by choosing the correct word
from options.
o Para Jumbles: Arranging jumbled sentences to form a meaningful
paragraph.
 Skills Tested:
o Reading comprehension and interpretation skills.
o Understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structures.
o Ability to analyze written English and extract meaning.

AP LAWCET Syllabus (3-year LLB Program)

35

The 3-year LLB program syllabus is similar in structure to the 5-year program, but it
focuses on testing legal aptitude and reasoning ability at a more advanced level.
1. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 50)
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs, Indian History, Polity, Geography, Economics, General
Science, and Famous Personalities.
o Focus on understanding national and international events, especially
political, social, and economic developments.
2. Aptitude for the Study of Law (Total Marks: 30)
 Key Topics:
o Legal principles, maxims, Constitutional Law, Contract Law, Criminal
Law, Torts, and Family Law.
3. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 30)
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning, Critical Reasoning, Syllogisms, Analogies,
Direction Sense, Blood Relations, and Coding-Decoding.

AP LAWCET Exam Pattern
 Mode of Exam: Computer-Based Test (CBT)
 Duration: 90 minutes
 Number of Questions:
o 5-year LLB Program: 120 questions (30 questions per section)
o 3-year LLB Program: 120 questions (same as above, but at a more
advanced level)
 Marking Scheme:
o +1 mark for every correct answer.
o No negative marking for incorrect answers.

Preparation Tips for AP LAWCET
1. Revise Legal Concepts: For the Legal Aptitude section, focus on basic
legal principles, maxims, and landmark laws and cases.
2. Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Read newspapers, magazines, and
watch news to keep up with current affairs in politics, business, economics,
and social issues.

36

3. Practice Logical Reasoning: Solve puzzles, seating arrangements, and
logical reasoning questions regularly.
4. Improve English Language Skills: Work on grammar, vocabulary, reading
comprehension, and sentence structure.
5. Strengthen General Knowledge: Read general knowledge books, history,
geography, and basic science to answer questions accurately.
6. Solve Mock Tests: Take as many mock tests as possible to improve time
management and exam simulation.

The TS LAWCET (Telangana State Law Common Entrance Test) is a state-level
entrance exam conducted by Osmania University, Hyderabad, on behalf of the
Telangana State Council of Higher Education (TSCHE). It is for admission to the
5-year LLB and 3-year LLB programs offered by various law colleges in Telangana.
The TS LAWCET assesses the candidate’s knowledge in areas such as General
Knowledge, Legal Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, English, and for the 5-year LLB
program, also Mathematics.
TS LAWCET Syllabus for 5-Year LLB Program
The 5-year LLB program syllabus includes sections focused on general knowledge,
legal aptitude, reasoning, English, and mathematics.
1. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s awareness of national and international events,
history, politics, economics, geography, and current affairs.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: Political, social, economic, environmental, and cultural
events happening in India and abroad.
o Indian History: Ancient, medieval, and modern history, important
events, and movements.
o Indian Polity: The Constitution of India, structure of government,
political parties, fundamental rights and duties, and governance.
o Geography: Physical and political geography, important locations,
maps, and world geography.
o Economics: Basic concepts like national income, inflation, fiscal
policies, and economic systems.
“TS
LAWCET

”

37

o General Science: Developments in biology, chemistry, physics,
environment, and technology.
o Famous Personalities: Notable personalities in various fields such as
politics, sports, literature, and science.

 Skills Tested:
o Awareness of national and international events.
o Knowledge of history, geography, and political systems.
o General scientific and economic awareness.
2. Legal Aptitude and Legal Awareness (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s understanding of basic legal concepts, legal
principles, and reasoning ability.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Maxims: Common Latin terms and their meanings.
o Legal Principles: Understanding of legal rights, duties, justice, and
legal principles like Actus Reus and Mens Rea.
o Indian Constitution: Knowledge of constitutional provisions,
fundamental rights, duties, and other important articles.
o Criminal Law: Basic concepts in crimes, punishments, and criminal
liability.
o Contract Law: Formation of contracts, essential elements of a
contract, breach of contracts, etc.
o Torts: Principles of tort law such as negligence, defamation, and
liability.
o Family Law: Marriage, divorce, inheritance, and other personal laws in
India.
 Skills Tested:
o Understanding legal concepts and principles.
o Ability to interpret legal texts and apply legal reasoning.
o Familiarity with legal terms and concepts.

3. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 30)
This section evaluates the candidate’s ability to think logically, solve problems, and
identify patterns.
 Key Topics:

38

o Analytical Reasoning: Identifying patterns, sequences, series,
puzzles, and logical arrangements.
o Critical Reasoning: Evaluating arguments, assumptions, and
conclusions.
o Syllogisms: Drawing logical conclusions from given premises.
o Analogies: Identifying similarities between two pairs of words or
concepts.
o Blood Relations: Understanding and solving puzzles related to family
relationships.
o Direction Sense: Solving problems based on directions and locations.
o Coding-Decoding: Identifying patterns and solving coded language
problems.
 Skills Tested:
o Problem-solving and reasoning skills.
o Ability to identify patterns, sequences, and relationships.
o Logical thinking and deduction.

4. English (Total Marks: 30)
This section tests the candidate’s proficiency in the English language,
comprehension, and grammar.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Understanding passages and answering
related questions.
o Grammar: Sentence correction, subject-verb agreement, tenses, and
word usage.
o Vocabulary: Synonyms, antonyms, and meaning of words in context.
o Sentence Formation: Identifying and completing grammatically correct
sentences.
o Para Jumbles: Arranging jumbled sentences into meaningful order.
o Error Detection: Identifying errors in sentences related to grammar
and context.
 Skills Tested:
o Reading comprehension and interpretation.
o Grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.
o Error detection and language analysis.

39
5. Mathematics (Total Marks: 20)
This section is only for candidates appearing for the 5-year LLB program. It tests
basic mathematical ability.
 Key Topics:
o Number System: Basic operations, fractions, and decimals.
o Percentage: Calculations of percentages, profit/loss, and interest.
o Ratio and Proportion: Solving problems related to ratios, proportion,
and variation.
o Time and Work: Calculating work efficiency and time required to
complete tasks.
o Simple and Compound Interest: Calculation of interest for loans,
savings, and investments.
o Averages: Finding averages from data.
o Mensuration: Area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of basic
geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, etc.).

 Skills Tested:
o Basic numerical ability and problem-solving.
o Understanding and application of mathematical formulas.
o Interpretation of numerical data.
TS LAWCET Syllabus for 3-Year LLB Program
The 3-year LLB syllabus is similar to the 5-year LLB program in terms of General
Knowledge, Legal Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, and English, but Mathematics
is not included for the 3-year program.
1. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 50)
2. Legal Aptitude and Legal Awareness (Total Marks: 30)
3. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 30)
4. English (Total Marks: 30)

TS LAWCET Exam Pattern for 5-Year LLB Program
 Mode of Exam: Computer-Based Test (CBT)
 Duration: 90 minutes
 Number of Questions: 150
o General Knowledge and Current Affairs: 30 questions

40

o Legal Aptitude and Legal Awareness: 30 questions
o Logical Reasoning: 30 questions
o English: 30 questions
o Mathematics: 20 questions
 Marking Scheme:
o +1 mark for each correct answer.
o No negative marking for wrong answers.
TS LAWCET Exam Pattern for 3-Year LLB Program
 Mode of Exam: Computer-Based Test (CBT)
 Duration: 90 minutes
 Number of Questions: 120
o General Knowledge and Current Affairs: 50 questions
o Legal Aptitude and Legal Awareness: 30 questions
o Logical Reasoning: 30 questions
o English: 30 questions
 Marking Scheme:
o +1 mark for each correct answer.
o No negative marking for wrong answers.

Preparation Tips for TS LAWCET
1. Revise Legal Concepts: Focus on legal maxims, fundamental rights, torts,
contracts, and constitutional provisions for the Legal Aptitude section.
2. Keep Updated with Current Affairs: Follow daily news, newspapers, and
current affairs sources to stay informed about events and developments.
3. Practice Logical Reasoning: Solve puzzles, sequences, and reasoning
questions regularly to enhance problem-solving skills.
4. Improve English Skills: Work on grammar, reading comprehension,
vocabulary, and sentence formation.
5. Mathematical Practice (For 5-Year LLB Program): Regularly practice basic
arithmetic, time and work, percentages, and algebra for the mathematics
section.
6. Take Mock Tests: Mock tests will help improve your speed and accuracy, as
well as familiarize you with the exam pattern.

41

The AIL LET (Army Institute of Law Entrance Test) is conducted by the Army
Institute of Law (AIL), Mohali, for admission to its 5-year integrated BA LLB
program and 3-year LLB program. The entrance exam is held annually, and
candidates seeking admission to these law courses must clear the AIL LET exam.
AIL LET Syllabus for 5-Year Integrated BA LLB Program
1. English Language and Comprehension (Total Marks: 25)
This section assesses the candidate’s proficiency in the English language, including
grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Understanding passages, answering
questions based on tone, meaning, and ideas.
o Grammar: Sentence correction, subject-verb agreement, tense usage,
and word choice.
o Vocabulary: Synonyms, antonyms, and words used in context.
o Sentence Formation: Completing or correcting sentences.
o Error Detection: Identifying and correcting errors in grammar and
sentence structure.

 Skills Tested:
o Reading comprehension and interpretation.
o Grammar and vocabulary knowledge.
o Sentence structure and error detection.
“AIL
LET”

42

2. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 25)
This section tests the candidate’s awareness of national and international events and
general knowledge.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: National and international political, economic,
environmental, and social issues.
o Indian Polity: Constitution of India, political systems, governance, and
government structures.
o Indian History: Ancient, medieval, and modern history, including major
events and movements.
o Geography: Physical and political geography, important places, maps,
and global geography.
o Economics: Basic economic terms, national income, inflation,
monetary policies, and economic systems.
o Famous Personalities: Key figures in politics, sports, literature,
science, and culture.

 Skills Tested:
o General awareness about current events and general knowledge.
o Understanding of historical and political events.
o Knowledge of global and national geography and economics.

3. Legal Aptitude (Total Marks: 25)
This section tests the candidate’s understanding of basic legal principles, legal
terms, and their ability to apply legal knowledge in given situations.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Maxims: Important Latin legal terms and their meanings.
o Legal Principles: Basic concepts of law, justice, rights, and duties.
o Indian Constitution: Fundamental rights, duties, and key provisions of
the Indian Constitution.
o Criminal Law: Basic understanding of crimes, punishments, and
criminal offenses.
o Contract Law: Formation of contracts, types of contracts, breach, and
enforcement.
o Family Law: Marriage, divorce, inheritance, and personal laws.
o Torts: Negligence, defamation, and liability in tort law.

43

 Skills Tested:
o Knowledge of legal principles, terms, and concepts.
o Understanding of Indian law, constitutional provisions, and legal
terminology.
o Ability to apply legal principles to given scenarios.

4. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 25)
This section evaluates the candidate’s logical reasoning and ability to think critically
and solve problems.
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Identifying patterns, sequences, series, and
solving puzzles.
o Critical Reasoning: Evaluating arguments, conclusions, and
assumptions.
o Syllogisms: Logical reasoning through statements and conclusions.
o Analogies: Identifying relationships between pairs of words or
concepts.
o Blood Relations: Understanding and solving problems based on
family relations.
o Direction Sense: Solving problems based on directions and locations.
o Coding-Decoding: Identifying patterns and solving coded language
problems.
 Skills Tested:
o Logical and analytical thinking.
o Deductive reasoning and pattern recognition.
o Ability to make inferences and solve reasoning puzzles.

5. Mathematics (Total Marks: 25)
This section is specifically for candidates applying for the 5-year BA LLB program
and tests basic mathematical aptitude.
 Key Topics:
o Number System: Basic operations, fractions, and decimals.
o Percentage: Calculations involving percentages, profit/loss, and
interest.
o Ratio and Proportion: Solving problems involving ratios and
proportions.

44

o Time and Work: Calculating efficiency, work completion, and time
required.
o Simple and Compound Interest: Calculation of simple and compound
interest.
o Averages: Finding averages from a data set.
o Mensuration: Area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of basic
shapes (circle, square, triangle, etc.).

 Skills Tested:
o Basic arithmetic and numerical reasoning.
o Understanding of mathematical formulas and application.
o Problem-solving ability in areas like percentage, interest, and
mensuration.

AIL LET Syllabus for 3-Year LLB Program
The syllabus for the 3-year LLB program is similar to the 5-year program, but the
mathematics section is not included in the 3-year LLB exam.
1. English Language and Comprehension (Total Marks: 25)
2. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 25)
3. Legal Aptitude (Total Marks: 25)
4. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 25)

AIL LET Exam Pattern
 Mode of Exam: Offline (Pen-and-Paper based test)
 Duration: 2 hours
 Number of Questions: 150 (For 5-year BA LLB Program)
o English Language and Comprehension: 25 questions
o General Knowledge and Current Affairs: 25 questions
o Legal Aptitude: 25 questions
o Logical Reasoning: 25 questions
o Mathematics: 25 questions
 Marking Scheme:
o +1 mark for each correct answer.
o No negative marking for wrong answers.

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Preparation Tips for AIL LET
1. Revise Legal Concepts: For the Legal Aptitude section, study basic legal
principles, maxims, and important laws such as the Indian Constitution,
Criminal Law, and Contract Law.
2. Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Read newspapers, magazines, and
follow current affairs to cover the General Knowledge section.
3. Practice Logical Reasoning: Solve puzzles, analytical reasoning questions,
and syllogisms regularly.
4. Improve English: Focus on reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary,
and error detection.
5. Mathematical Practice (For 5-year BA LLB Program): Practice basic
arithmetic, algebra, and mensuration problems regularly for the Mathematics
section.
6. Solve Mock Tests: Take mock tests to familiarize yourself with the exam
format and improve speed and accuracy.

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The DU LLB Entrance Exam is conducted by Delhi University for admission to its
3-year LLB program offered by the Faculty of Law. It is one of the most sought-
after law entrance exams in India. The entrance exam evaluates a candidate’s
knowledge of various subjects such as General Knowledge, Legal Aptitude,
Logical Reasoning, English, and Mathematics (though not for the 3-year LLB
program).
DU LLB Entrance Exam Syllabus
1. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 40)
This section assesses the candidate’s awareness of current events and general
knowledge, including historical, geographical, political, economic, and cultural
information.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: National and international events, including political,
economic, and environmental issues.
o Indian Polity: Constitution of India, fundamental rights, duties,
structure of government, elections, political parties, and governance.
o Indian History: Major events, movements, and personalities from
ancient, medieval, and modern India.
o Geography: Important locations, physical and political geography, and
key facts related to India and the world.
o Economics: Basic economic concepts such as national income,
inflation, fiscal policies, and key economic indicators.
o Famous Personalities: Key figures in various fields such as politics,
science, literature, sports, and culture.

 Skills Tested:
o Awareness of current affairs.
o Knowledge of historical, geographical, and political events.

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o Understanding of the Indian political system and economy.

2. Legal Awareness and Aptitude (Total Marks: 45)
This section evaluates a candidate’s understanding of legal concepts, principles, and
their ability to apply legal reasoning to given problems.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Principles: Basic legal concepts such as justice, rights, and
duties.
o Indian Constitution: Fundamental rights, fundamental duties,
structure of the government, and key provisions of the Constitution of
India.
o Criminal Law: Key criminal offenses, punishment, and legal concepts
such as Mens Rea (guilty mind) and Actus Reus (guilty act).
o Contract Law: Formation of contracts, essentials of a contract, breach
of contract, and remedies.
o Family Law: Marriage, divorce, inheritance, and laws related to family
relations in India.
o Torts: Basic understanding of tort law, negligence, defamation, and
liability.
o Legal Maxims: Important legal terms and maxims, their meanings and
applications.
o International Law: Concepts of international law, treaties, and
conventions.
 Skills Tested:
o Understanding of basic legal concepts and principles.
o Ability to apply legal knowledge in real-life situations.
o Familiarity with the Indian legal system and its functioning.
3. Analytical Abilities and Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 45)
This section tests the candidate’s logical reasoning, problem-solving skills, and
ability to draw inferences from given statements or arguments.
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Identifying patterns, sequences, series, and
solving puzzles.
o Critical Reasoning: Evaluating arguments, drawing logical
conclusions, and identifying flaws or assumptions.
o Syllogisms: Deductive reasoning to identify conclusions based on
statements.
o Analogies: Recognizing relationships between two sets of terms and
finding similarities.
o Blood Relations: Solving problems related to family relationships.
o Direction Sense: Understanding and solving problems involving
directions, locations, and distances.
o Coding-Decoding: Deciphering encoded language or symbols based
on patterns or rules.

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o Venn Diagrams: Analyzing relationships between different sets of
data.
 Skills Tested:
o Ability to recognize patterns and draw logical conclusions.
o Strong problem-solving skills and critical thinking.
o Familiarity with logical reasoning problems such as analogies, puzzles,
and relationships.

4. English Language and Comprehension (Total Marks: 30)
This section assesses the candidate’s proficiency in English, including grammar,
vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Understanding passages, answering
questions based on the passage’s meaning, tone, and ideas.
o Grammar: Sentence correction, subject-verb agreement, tenses, and
word choice.
o Vocabulary: Identifying synonyms, antonyms, and meanings of words
in context.
o Sentence Formation: Identifying and completing grammatically correct
sentences.
o Error Detection: Identifying errors in grammar, sentence construction,
and vocabulary.
o Para Jumbles: Rearranging sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
 Skills Tested:
o Strong reading comprehension and interpretation skills.
o Command over grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.
o Ability to detect and correct errors in sentences and paragraphs.

5. Mathematics (Total Marks: 20)
While Mathematics is generally not a major focus for the DU LLB exam, basic
mathematical aptitude is tested, particularly in areas like arithmetic, percentages,
and algebra. The Mathematics section is more prominent for certain other law
exams (like the CLAT for the 5-year LLB program) but is included in the DU LLB
syllabus to test basic numerical ability.
 Key Topics:
o Number System: Basic operations, fractions, decimals, and number
properties.
o Percentage: Calculations involving percentages, profit/loss, and simple
interest.
o Time and Work: Problems related to work efficiency, time, and tasks
completion.
o Simple and Compound Interest: Basic calculations of simple and
compound interest.
o Ratio and Proportion: Solving problems involving ratios and
proportions.
o Averages: Calculating averages from given data.

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o Mensuration: Area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of basic
geometric shapes.

 Skills Tested:
o Basic mathematical skills.
o Problem-solving using simple arithmetic and algebraic concepts.

DU LLB Exam Pattern
 Mode of Exam: Offline (Pen-and-Paper based test)
 Duration: 2 hours
 Number of Questions: 100
o General Knowledge and Current Affairs: 40 marks (20 questions)
o Legal Awareness and Aptitude: 45 marks (25 questions)
o Analytical Abilities and Logical Reasoning: 45 marks (25 questions)
o English Language and Comprehension: 30 marks (15 questions)
o Mathematics: 20 marks (10 questions)
 Marking Scheme:
o +4 marks for each correct answer.
o -1 mark for each wrong answer (negative marking).
o No marks for unattempt questions.

Preparation Tips for DU LLB Exam
1. Study Legal Concepts: Focus on key legal areas such as Indian
Constitution, Contract Law, Family Law, and Torts for the Legal
Awareness and Aptitude section.
2. Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Regularly read newspapers, magazines,
and news portals to stay updated on national and international events.
3. Strengthen Analytical and Logical Reasoning: Practice solving puzzles,
reasoning problems, and syllogisms to improve your logical and analytical
thinking.
4. Practice English: Work on reading comprehension, vocabulary, and
grammar exercises regularly.
5. Practice Basic Mathematics: Review and practice basic arithmetic and
algebra to tackle the mathematics section effectively.
6. Mock Tests: Take regular mock tests to get familiar with the exam pattern,
time management, and speed.

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The IPU CET (Indraprastha University Common Entrance Test) is an entrance exam
conducted by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU) for
admission to various undergraduate and postgraduate programs, including BA LLB,
BBA LLB, and LLB programs in law. The syllabus for the IPU CET LLB exam is
designed to test candidates’ knowledge and skills in areas like General Knowledge,
Legal Aptitude, English Language, Reasoning, and Current Affairs.
IPU CET LLB Syllabus (3-year LLB Program)
1. English Language and Comprehension (Total Marks: 25)
This section tests candidates’ proficiency in the English language, focusing on
grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension skills.
 Key Topics:
o Reading Comprehension: Questions based on passages to test
understanding, tone, ideas, and inferences.
o Grammar: Sentence correction, subject-verb agreement, tenses,
prepositions, conjunctions, and determiners.
o Vocabulary: Antonyms, synonyms, one-word substitution, idiomatic
expressions, and word meanings in context.
o Sentence Formation and Structure: Identifying and correcting
grammatical errors in sentences.
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o Error Detection: Spotting errors in sentence construction, punctuation,
and grammar.
o Para Jumbles: Rearranging sentences to form a coherent passage.
 Skills Tested:
o Reading comprehension.
o Grammar and vocabulary proficiency.
o Sentence structure and error detection.

2. General Knowledge and Current Affairs (Total Marks: 25)
This section tests candidates’ awareness of current national and international events
and general knowledge.
 Key Topics:
o Current Affairs: National and international events, political, economic,
and social developments.
o Indian Polity: Structure of government, political parties, Indian
Constitution, and important provisions.
o Indian History: Major historical events, movements, and figures in
ancient, medieval, and modern India.
o Geography: Physical and political geography, important places and
locations, and key geographical facts.
o Economics: Basic economic terms, inflation, monetary policies, fiscal
policies, and current economic developments.
o Famous Personalities: Important personalities in politics, sports,
literature, science, and culture.

 Skills Tested:
o Awareness of current events and general knowledge.
o Understanding of Indian history, geography, and political systems.
o Familiarity with economic concepts and famous global personalities.

3. Legal Aptitude and Legal Awareness (Total Marks: 25)
This section evaluates the candidate’s understanding of basic legal principles, legal
terms, and their ability to apply legal reasoning.
 Key Topics:
o Legal Maxims: Important Latin terms and their meanings.

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o Indian Constitution: Fundamental rights, fundamental duties,
structure of the government, and key provisions of the Indian
Constitution.
o Legal Principles: Basic concepts like justice, rights, and duties.
o Criminal Law: Key concepts such as criminal liability, offenses, and
punishment.
o Contract Law: Contract formation, terms, and enforcement.
o Torts: Negligence, defamation, and liability in tort law.
o Family Law: Marriage, inheritance, and personal laws.
o International Law: Basic concepts related to international relations,
treaties, and conventions.

 Skills Tested:
o Knowledge of legal principles, terms, and concepts.
o Understanding of Indian law and its application.
o Ability to apply legal knowledge in hypothetical situations.

4. Logical Reasoning (Total Marks: 25)
This section tests candidates’ ability to think critically, solve problems, and
understand logical relationships between concepts.
 Key Topics:
o Analytical Reasoning: Solving puzzles, identifying patterns and
sequences.
o Critical Reasoning: Evaluating arguments, assumptions, and
conclusions.
o Syllogisms: Drawing logical conclusions from premises.
o Analogies: Finding similarities between pairs of words or concepts.
o Blood Relations: Solving family-based relationship problems.
o Direction Sense: Solving problems related to locations, directions, and
distances.
o Coding-Decoding: Decoding or encoding patterns or symbols.
o Venn Diagrams: Interpreting and solving problems using sets.
 Skills Tested:
o Logical and analytical thinking.

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o Deductive reasoning and ability to recognize patterns.
o Problem-solving ability in various types of reasoning puzzles.

5. Mathematics (Total Marks: 15)
This section tests basic mathematical skills and numerical aptitude. While it is a part
of the exam, the difficulty level is generally moderate and focuses on basic concepts.
 Key Topics:
o Number System: Basic operations, fractions, decimals, and properties
of numbers.
o Percentage: Calculations related to percentages, profit, loss, and
interest.
o Ratio and Proportion: Solving problems involving ratios and
proportions.
o Time and Work: Problems related to work efficiency and time
calculations.
o Simple and Compound Interest: Basic calculations of interest.
o Averages: Calculation of averages from given data.
o Mensuration: Area, perimeter, and volume of geometric shapes such
as circles, squares, and triangles.

 Skills Tested:
o Arithmetic and numerical reasoning.
o Ability to solve basic algebraic and arithmetic problems.
o Understanding of mathematical formulas and applications.

IPU CET Exam Pattern
 Mode of Exam: Offline (Pen-and-Paper based test)
 Duration: 2 hours
 Number of Questions: 150
o English Language and Comprehension: 25 questions (25 marks)
o General Knowledge and Current Affairs: 25 questions (25 marks)
o Legal Aptitude and Legal Awareness: 25 questions (25 marks)
o Logical Reasoning: 25 questions (25 marks)

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o Mathematics: 15 questions (15 marks)
 Marking Scheme:
o +4 marks for each correct answer.
o -1 mark for each incorrect answer (negative marking).
o No marks for unattempted questions.

Preparation Tips for IPU CET LLB Exam
1. Legal Awareness: Read about the Indian Constitution, legal maxims,
criminal law, and contract law to strengthen the Legal Aptitude section.
2. General Knowledge: Stay updated with current events, especially political,
economic, and social issues. Read newspapers and follow news sources for
current affairs.
3. English: Work on reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and
sentence correction. Regular reading of newspapers and books will help.
4. Reasoning: Practice logical reasoning problems such as analytical
reasoning, syllogisms, puzzles, and critical reasoning regularly.
5. Mathematics: Brush up on basic arithmetic, algebra, and geometry to tackle
the mathematics section with ease.
6. Mock Tests: Take regular mock tests to familiarize yourself with the exam
pattern, manage time efficiently, and improve accuracy.