The University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test (UGC NET) Law is a national-level exam that determines the eligibility of candidates for the role of Assistant Professor and for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) in Law.

Key Features of UGC NET Law

1. National-level exam: UGC NET Law is a national-level exam conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) on behalf of the UGC.
2. Eligibility for Assistant Professor: The exam determines the eligibility of candidates for the role of Assistant Professor in Law in universities and colleges.
3. Junior Research Fellowship (JRF): The exam also provides an opportunity for candidates to secure a Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) for pursuing research in Law.

Exam Pattern
1. Two papers: The exam consists of two papers – Paper 1 and Paper 2.
2. Paper 1: Paper 1 is a general paper that tests the candidate’s teaching and research aptitude.
3. Paper 2: Paper 2 is a subject-specific paper that tests the candidate’s knowledge in Law.

Syllabus
1. Law syllabus: The syllabus for UGC NET Law includes various topics in Law, such as:
– Constitutional Law
– Jurisprudence
– Contract Law
– Law of Torts
– Criminal Law
– Property Law
– Family Law
– International Law
– Human Rights Law
– Environmental Law
– Taxation Law

Eligibility Criteria
1. Postgraduate degree: Candidates must have a postgraduate degree in Law (LL.M.) or equivalent with a minimum percentage of marks specified by the UGC.
2. Relaxation for reserved categories: There is a relaxation in the minimum percentage of marks for reserved categories.

Benefits
1. Career opportunities: Qualifying UGC NET Law provides an opportunity for candidates to pursue a career as an Assistant Professor in Law or to pursue research in Law.
2. Research opportunities: UGC NET Law also provides an opportunity for candidates to pursue research in Law and contribute to the field of legal academia.
3. Teaching opportunities: Qualifying UGC NET Law is a mandatory requirement for teaching in universities and colleges.

SYLLABUS Paper-1

Subject: GENERAL PAPER ON TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE Code No. : 00

PAPER-I

The main objective is to assess the teaching and research capabilities of the
candidates. The test aims at assessing the teaching and research aptitude as well.
Candidates are expected to possess and exhibit cognitive abilities, which include
comprehension, analysis, evaluation, understanding the structure of arguments,
deductive and inductive reasoning. The candidates are also expected to have a general
awareness about teaching and learning processes in higher education system. Further,
they should be aware of interaction between people, environment, natural resources
and their impact on the quality of life.
The details of syllabi are as follows:

Unit-I Teaching Aptitude

 Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory,
Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.
 Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners
(Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.
 Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material,
Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.
 Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs.
Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam,
Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).

2

 Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
 Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in
Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based
testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.

Unit-II Research Aptitude

 Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post-
positivistic approach to research.

 Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative
and Quantitative methods.
 Steps of Research.
 Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
 Application of ICT in research.
 Research ethics.

Unit-III Comprehension

 A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be
answered.

Unit-IV Communication

 Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
 Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group
communications, Classroom communication.
 Barriers to effective communication.
 Mass-Media and Society.

Unit-V Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

 Types of reasoning.
 Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
 Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and
Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).

3

Unit-VI Logical Reasoning

 Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of
categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies,
Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical
square of opposition.
 Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
 Analogies.
 Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of
arguments.
 Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
 Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana
(Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and
Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
 Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation),
Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Unit-VII Data Interpretation

 Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
 Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart
and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.
 Data Interpretation.
 Data and Governance.

Unit-VIII Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
 ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
 Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
 Digital initiatives in higher education.
 ICT and Governance.

4

Unit-IX People, Development and Environment
 Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable
development goals.
 Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their
impacts on environment.
 Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water
pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical,
hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and
Political dimensions.
 Impacts of pollutants on human health.
 Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal,
Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.
 Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
 Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate
Change, International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit,
Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International
Solar Alliance.

Unit-X Higher Education System
 Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.
 Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.
 Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.
 Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.
 Value education and environmental education.
 Policies, Governance, and Administration.
NOTE: (i) Five questions each carrying 2 marks are to be set from each
Module.

(ii) Whenever graphical/pictorial question(s) are set for sighted
candidates, a passage followed by equal number of questions and
weightage be set for visually impaired candidates.

SYLLABUS Paper-2

UNIT – I: JURISPRUDENCE
1. Nature and sources of law
2. Schools of jurisprudence
3. Law and morality
4. Concept of rights and duties
5. Legal personality
6. Concepts of property, ownership and possession
7. Concept of liability
8. Law, poverty and development
9. Global justice
10. Modernism and post-modernism

UNIT – II: CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
1. Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy.
2. Union and State executive and their interrelationship
3. Union and State legislature and distribution of legislative powers
4. Judiciary
5. Emergency provisions
6. Temporary, transitional and special provisions in respect of certain states
7. Election Commission of India
8. Nature, scope and importance of administrative law
9. Principle of natural justice
10. Judicial review of administrative actions – Grounds.

UNIT – III: PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW AND IHL
1. International law – Definition, nature and basis

2. Sources of International law
3. Recognition of states and governments
4. Nationality, immigrants, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs)
5. Extradition and asylum
6. United Nations and its organs
7. Settlement of international disputes
8. World Trade Organization (WTO)
9. International humanitarian law (IHL) – Conventions and protocols
10. Implementation of IHL – Challenges

UNIT – IV: LAW OF CRIMES
1. General principles of criminal liability – Actus reus and mens rea, individual and
group liability and constructive liability
2. Stages of crime and inchoate crimes – Abetment, criminal conspiracy and attempt
3. General exceptions
4. Offences against human body
5. Offences against state and terrorism
6. Offences against property
7. Offences against women and children
8. Drug trafficking and counterfeiting
9. Offences against public tranquility
10. Theories and kinds of punishments, compensation to the victims of crime

UNIT – V: LAW OF TORTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
1. Nature and definition of tort
2. General principles of tortious liability
3. General defenses
4. Specific torts – Negligence, nuisance, trespass and defamation
5. Remoteness of damages
6. Strict and absolute liability
7. Tortious liability of the State
8. The Consumer Protection Act 1986 – Definitions, consumer rights and redressal
mechanism
9. The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 – No fault liability, third party insurance and claims
tribunal
10. The Competition Act, 2002 – Prohibition of certain agreements, abuse of dominant
position and regulation of combinations

UNIT – VI: COMMERCIAL LAW
1. Essential elements of contract and e-contract
2. Breach of contract, frustration of contract, void and voidable agreements
3. Standard form of contract and quasi-contract
4. Specific contracts – Bailment, pledge, indemnity, guarantee and agency
5. Sale of Goods Act, 1930
6. Partnership and limited liability partnership
7. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
8. Company law – Incorporation of a company, prospectus, shares and debentures
9. Company law – Directors and meetings
10. Corporate social responsibility

UNIT-VII: FAMILY LAW
1. Sources and schools
2. Marriage and dissolution of marriage
3. Matrimonial remedies – Divorce and theories of divorce
4. Changing dimensions of institution of marriage – Live-in relationship
5. Recognition of foreign decrees in India on marriage and divorce
6. Maintenance, dower and stridhan
7. Adoption, guardianship and acknowledgement
8. Succession and inheritance
9. Will, gift and wakf
10. Uniform Civil Code

UNIT –VIII: ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
1. Meaning and concept of ‘environment’ and ‘environmental pollution’
2. International environmental law and UN Conferences
3. Constitutional and legal framework for protection of environment in India
4. Environmental Impact Assessment and control of hazardous waste in India
5. National Green Tribunal
6. Concept and development of human rights
7. Universalism and cultural relativism
8. International Bill of Rights
9. Group rights – Women, children, persons with disabilities, elderly persons,
minorities and weaker sections
10. Protection and enforcement of human rights in India – National Human Rights
Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Commission for
Women, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for
Schedule Tribes and National Commission for Backward Classes

UNIT – IX: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY LAW
1. Concept and meaning of intellectual property
2. Theories of intellectual property
3. International conventions pertaining to intellectual properties
4. Copyright and neighboring rights – Subject matters, limitations and exceptions,
infringement and remedies
5. Law of patent – Patentability, procedure for grant of patent, limitations and
exceptions, infringement and remedies
6. Law of trademark – Registration of trademarks, kinds of trademarks, infringement
and passing off, remedies
7. Protection of Geographical Indications
8. Bio-diversity and Traditional Knowledge
9. Information technology law- digital signature and electronic signature, electronic
governance, electronic records and duties of subscribers
10. Cyber crimes, penalties and adjudication

UNIT – X: COMPARATIVE PUBLIC LAW AND SYSTEMS OF GOVERNANCE
1. Comparative Law – Relevance, methodology, problems and concerns in Comparison
2. Forms of governments – Presidential and parliamentary, unitary and federal
3. Models of federalism – USA, Canada and India
4. Rule of Law – ‘Formal’ and ‘substantive’ versions
5. Separation of powers – India, UK, USA and France
6. Independence of judiciary, judicial activism and accountability – India, UK and
USA
7. Systems of constitutional review – India, USA, Switzerland and France
8. Amendment of the Constitution – India, USA and South Africa
9. Ombudsman –Sweden, UK and India
10. Open Government and Right to Information – USA, UK and India